BASIC SEARCH AND RESCUE.

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Basic Search and Rescue:  The process of locating victims trapped in a collapsed structure by applying various locating techniques and equipment, gaining access to the victim, and finally rescuing the victim to a safe and secure location is termed as BASIC SEARCH AND RESCUE.


Basic Search and rescue may be completed in three Phases:


1. SCENE SIZE-UP: In this Phase assessment of the scene is done and accordingly further planning for safe response is initiated. Scene size-up may be assessed in three stages - 
a) What is the current situation?
b) Where is it going? 
c) How to control the situation? (Analysis of resources)

2. SEARCH: Victims are located using the different searching technique during this phase

3. RESCUE: In this phase Surface and trapped victims are extricated or rescued after locating during the search method.

Nine steps of scene size-up


Gathering of information
  • Time of incident
  • Structure or non-structure
  • Location/address of incident (e.g Hospital, school, office, etc)
  • Weather
  • Current situation.

Assessment of damage (disaster)
  • What is the degree of damage caused by the incident? Is it beyond the coping capacity of the local community?
  • What is the status of communication?

Potential Hazards at the incident sites.
  • Check for any sign of potential Hazards at the incident site.



Analysis of available resources
  • Do you have sufficient resources (equipment, manpower, etc) to carry out the operation?
  • What kind of additional resources is available with the local community?

Prioritization of work
  • The safety of victims should be the first priority.
  • The operation may halt in case safety is compromised.

Assessing building:  While assessing a building or structure maximum information should be gathered.

  • Type of occupancy
  • Type of structure of the building
  • The situation of structure/building
  • Type of collapse
  • Time of incident
  • History of building
  • Availability of resources.
  • Utility of building
  • Location of potential Hazards

Decision making
  • Proper utilization of resources and safety precautions.

Developing a strict work plan
  • Effective utilization of manpower and available resources.

Execution of the work plan
  • The work plan should be followed and effectively executed.

Monitoring of Operation
  • Monitor the situation according to the change in the situation.
  1. Scope of the problem
  2. Security risk
  3. Availability of resources.

Note: Strategy and methods may be changed according to the situation.




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